Micro-organisms affect every aspect of life on Earth. Some microbes cause disease but the majority are completely harmless. These minute life forms are essential to the cycling of nutrients in the eco-systems of the planet. The activities of micro-organisms can also be harnessed by biotechnologists in many ways to benefit mankind, such as in the production of foodstuffs or the treatment of disease and waste. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics could not have been developed without the use of microbiology.

We need to understand the role of microbes in global terms, but there are many aspects of our daily lives where a knowledge of microbiology can be really useful. “What can be done to avoid food poisoning?’
’Should I have my child vaccinated against measles, mumps and rubella?’
’How do I make yoghurt?’
' What precautions do I need to take to stay fit and healthy when travelling abroad?'
Even the question ’What’s gone wrong with my compost heap?’ can be answered!

Biotechnology, which often uses microbes or their products, is a fast-growing area of science. Some of the techniques used, such as genetic modification, cause public concern. A good understanding of the science behind such controversial issues enables balanced judgements to be made.

Since microbes are of such biological, economic and social significance, it is important that microbiology is a part of everyone’s education.